神拳阿凱

【The Ultimate Boxing Jab Guide】
【終極拳擊刺拳指南】

This guide will train you on the most important weapon in boxing – THE JAB! All great boxers like Muhammad Ali and Oscar De La Hoya can win an entire fight with the jab alone. If you want to be even just a good boxer (not a great one), you will still need a good jab.
這個指南將會磨練拳擊最重要的武器──刺拳！所有像是莫罕默德‧阿里（Muhammad Ali）和奧斯卡‧德拉‧霍亞都可以光用刺拳打贏整場比賽。即是你只是想成為一個不錯的拳擊手（並非偉大的），你也仍然需要不錯的刺拳技術。

BOXING JAB THEORY
刺拳理論

What makes a jab special and what does the jab do?
刺拳的獨特處在哪？它又能做什麼？

The jab is quick, fast, and it sets up your shots. People with excellent jabs have calm and relaxed jabs that hit like a small spark of power and hit very accurately. Jabs can be made stronger by stepping forward, or using proper timing with proper footwork and effective angles. Your jab should be strong enough to stop your opponent in the middle of a combination. No more, no less. From there, your jab should set you up to throw your power punches. When used defensively, a jab can make space, keep your opponents away, and distract your opponent while you slide off the ropes.

刺拳又快又迅速，並且能建構出你的攻勢。擁有優秀刺拳的人就像沉著放鬆地點燃一撮小火花，且十分精準。刺拳可以透過前踏增強，或是在適當的時機、正確的步法和有效的角度中使用。你的刺拳應該強到足以中止對手的組合技巧。不多不少。這樣講吧，你的刺拳應該建構出你擊出強力一擊。當用來防禦，刺拳可以製造出空間，讓你的對手保持遠離，並且能幫助你從邊繩滑出時與對手轉換位置。

TYPES OF JABS
刺拳的型態

There are many different types of jabs and many ways to use the jab in boxing. 

Below are a few ideas to get you started but it’s best to use what works best for you.

在拳擊裡，有許多不同型態的刺拳，伴隨著不同的方式去使用。以下的一些點子在你剛開始時可供參考，最好是選擇一個最適合你的訓練方式。

Regular – The regular jab or the standard jab is just that – a jab. To throw the jab from the basic position, step forward with your lead foot as you extend your arm out towards your opponent. As you recover your lead arm, the rear foot moves forward to return you to your basic stance.

正規 ── 正規的刺拳，或說標準的刺拳就是──刺拳。從基本的姿勢打出一個刺拳，將你的前腳往前踏來向對手延展你的手臂。當你收回前手的同時，後腳也向前移動回到你的基本姿勢。

Tapper - This is a light punch that is used simply to make your opponent put up his defenses to give you time to land a harder punch or to skip out of harm’s way. A tapper jab can be repeated multiple times. The main point is to use the tapper jab to get your opponent’s defenses up; meanwhile, you’re holding all your energy back for your big right hand since you’re not committing too much to the jab. You can even tap his glove, then throw the right-hand to his face. Or tap his face and right-hand to his body. (Often used by Bernard Hopkins and Joe Calzaghe)

輕擊 ── 這是一個用在讓你的對手拿起防禦，讓你有時間打出更重的一擊或是躲過傷害的簡單方法。刺拳輕擊可以重複多次。主要的一點是讓你的對手拿起防禦；就在此刻，你打出夠多的刺拳已經灌注所有的能量在你的後手，然後重重地打在對方的臉上。或者輕擊他的臉，後手則打他的身體。（常用的有：伯納德‧霍普金斯、喬‧卡爾扎和）

Space-Maker – This is the same as the tapper jab except that you leave your arm almost fully extended so your jab is quicker but weaker since it lacks the distance to generate power. Leave your left arm almost extended, throw small jabs and push as you make space and keep your opponent at bay. The space-maker can be thrown multiple times as you circle around to your opponent’s right side. (Left-handers will do the opposite). An important thing to notice about the space-maker jab is that it’s mainly there to just distract the opponent. It’s very quick and flashy, not powerful, so you have to make sure not to pull your arm all the way back. If you’re throwing multiple tapper jabs, leave arm almost fully extending as you throw multiple jabs to keep your opponent busy. It is VERY important to keep an eye out for your opponent’s right hand since extending your left arm leaves you vulnerable to punches on that side of your head. Also, ALWAYS be moving around when you use the space-maker; if you stand still and stretch your arm you will get hit with the hard right counter. (often used by Kostya Tszyu)

「空間製造者」 ── 這就和輕擊一樣，讓你的手臂離開你並且幾乎完全伸展，但是更快、力量更弱，它缺乏距離威力。將你的前手幾乎完全伸展，打一些小小的刺拳，像是要將你的對手推出、拒於門外。當你圍繞著對手右側時，這種製造空間的刺拳便可以多次施展（左撇子則是往另一側）。關於「空間製造者」有一件很重要的事必須注意：它只是用來分散對手注意。它既輕且快，而不是有威力，所以你必須確定不要把手全部拉回來。如果你連續在你對手身上輕擊，並且讓手臂盡量伸展，這會讓你的對手很忙亂。因為你的前手臂向前延伸，從那一側而來針對頭部的打擊會使你受到重創，因此必須特別留意你對手的後手，這點「非常重要」。總之，當你使用「空間製造者」時要經常性地四處移動，如果你站著不動又伸展著手臂，你會將會吃到一記結實的後手反擊。（常用的有：考斯塔‧坎尤）

Power Jab – This can sometimes be more of a left cross than a jab. A power jab gets its power from your legs, your body rotation, and your angle on the opponent. For the legs to generate power into the jab, you have to step forward. You have to step swiftly and powerfully without lunging. A lunging jab might be the perfect weapon to catch your opponent off guard but don’t do it too much or else you’ll get countered. The success of lunging punches requires perfect timing, NOT speed. For your body to power the jab, it has to rotate a little. The easiest way to rotate your body as you jab is to circle to your opponent’s right side, which is your left side. While circling, your upper body will have to rotate a little to give you a straight angle shot at your opponent. The movement alone will position your body to throw the punch at your opponent at an angle. Using this angle makes the jab even more devastating. The most important thing to remember through all this is not to telegraph your jab by cocking it back. (Often used by Floyd Mayweather and Miguel Cotto)

強力刺拳 ── 這有時候可能比較像是左直拳。刺拳的力量來自你腿、身體的旋轉，以及你與對手的角度。當腿的力量要灌注在刺拳上，你必須向前踏步。這一步必須迅速有力，並且不能呈箭步彎腿蹲下去。箭步的刺拳也許在抓對手放下防禦時是完美的武器，但除非你想遭到反擊，否則別常常這麼做。成功的箭步蹲刺拳需要完美的時機，而不是速度。你的身體必須有些旋轉來為刺拳注入力量。旋轉身體，最簡單的方法就是繞著對手的右側出刺拳，也就是你的左側。當你在繞的時候，你的上半身將會需要有點旋轉來切入直線角打擊對手。這單一的動作將可以讓你的位置處在能打到對手的角度。利用這個角度，讓刺拳更具有毀滅性。最重要的是要記住：刺拳時不要將手臂往後拉，避免被看穿。（常用的有：佛洛依德‧梅威瑟、米格爾‧庫托）

The Double Jab – The double jab is exactly what it sounds like – one good jab followed by another. The effectiveness of this punch relies on your opponent anticipating a one-two combination (jab followed by right-hand). He’s look for your right hand after your jab but instead you catch him off guard with another jab. The double jab works well when followed by a straight right to the head or body. Another way to use the double jab is when you find yourself in a jab contest where both of you are trading jabs and trying to throw 1-2 combinations. If your opponent is throwing a 1-2 , your double jab should counter effectively. Your first jab will trade or nullify with his jab, and your second jab will intercept the right hand and score the point. If he throws a left hook afterwards, your right-hand follow-up should be able to intercept that and score as well. A double jab can be used while moving forward, backwards, or sideways. It’s also important that you punch hard enough to stun your opponent if he tries to throw a straight right. (Often used by Oscar De La Hoya and Marco Antonio Barrera)

雙重刺拳 ── 雙重刺拳就和他聽起來的完全一樣 ── 隨著一記刺拳後接著再打一次同樣優秀的刺拳。這種有效的打擊仰賴於你的對手預測你將要打出one-two（刺拳後緊接著後手直拳）。他注意著在你的刺拳之後的右手，但你反而抓住他鬆懈的瞬間給他另一記刺拳。「雙重刺拳」在對頭或身體的右直拳之後特別有用。使用「雙重刺拳」的另一方式是，當你發現自己處在刺拳的較量，並且在交換刺拳之中試圖打出oen-two組合。此時如果你的對手打出one-two，你的「雙重刺拳」將可以有效地反擊。你的第一記刺拳要不是和對手交換刺拳，就是把他的刺拳打掉，然後你的第二記刺拳將可以攔截對手的右拳並且得點。如果他之後再打一個左鉤拳，你的右拳也可以跟進攔截然後照樣得點。「雙重刺拳」可以在前進、後退、側移時使用。如果你的對手想要打出一記強而有力的右直拳，這招也會擁有足以擊暈對手的悍度。（常用的有：奧斯卡‧德拉‧霍亞、瑪科‧安東尼奧‧巴雷拉）

Body-Jab – This jab is thrown to the body. While it may not be strong enough to do damage to the body, it can distract your opponent and force him to drop his guard while you punch to his head with your right hand. (Often used by Shane Mosley and Arturo Gatti)

身體刺拳 ── 這種刺拳就是往軀幹打去。即使它也許沒有那麼厲害到足以傷害到軀幹部位，它也可以誘導你對手的注意力並迫使他防衛下移，然後你就可以用右拳揍他的臉。（常用的有：肖恩‧莫斯里、阿圖羅‧加帝）

The Counter Jab – This move is done with precise timing and works best when you’re swift and relaxed. If you tense up or act like you have a counter, it won’t work as well. Here’s how it works: when your opponent throws a jab, you immediately, WITHOUT flinching your head back, stop his jab with your right glove, and then step forward and hit him directly in the face with a hard jab. Make sure your head is back a little in case he follows up with a hard right hand. If he lunges with his jab, you can also take a step back as you block his jab, and then quickly step forward to strike him with your own. Sometimes, people don’t expect you to counter so suddenly after retreating. (Often used by Erik Morales)

反擊刺拳 ── 要讓這個動作精確有效地達成目的，你最好既迅速又能放鬆。如果你緊繃起來或是動作就像是準備要反擊，那就沒辦法把它做得漂亮。它是如何運作的：當你的對手往你身上拋刺拳，你立刻，「千萬不要」把頭後縮，用你的右手拳套阻止它的刺拳，然後往前踏，用一記強力的刺拳直接往他臉上招呼。假使他後續採取強力的右拳，請確保你的頭能稍微回來一點。如果他採取的是下蹲刺拳，你也一樣可以格擋他的刺拳同時往後一步，然後再迅速前踏來狙擊他。有時候，人們不太會預料到你在退縮後那麼突然地反擊。（常用的有：艾里克‧莫拉雷斯）

WAYS TO COUNTER AGAINST THE JAB
應付對抗刺拳的方法

Unfortunately, a good jab will be hard to defend against. A jabber can be very difficult to get inside against, and at times downright annoying. Fighting a good jabber can be frustrating in amateur bouts since points can be scored even for ‘weak’ punches like the jab. Listed below are a variety of several ways to counter a good jab.

不幸的是，良好的刺拳是難以抵禦的。碰到善用刺拳的人想要衝到近距離打擊是相當困難的，而且有時候你還會覺得很煩。在業餘對決中跟擅長刺拳的人戰鬥令人沮喪，因為甚至像是刺拳那樣「弱」的打擊都可以得分。下面列出幾種各式各樣的對付刺拳的方法。

Change Distance – One way to defend against the jab is to keep moving in and out of striking range. Boxers who often use the jab are usually very aware of the distance between themselves and their opponents.

距離變動 ── 對付刺拳的其中一個方法就是不斷在攻擊範圍進出，保持移動。經常使用刺拳的選手通常很清楚自己和對手之間的距離。

Right-Hook – This counter is effective against tall boxers or boxers who leave their head upright when they throw the jab. You can easily beat the jab by coming straight in with your body, bringing your head to the inside of the jab and throwing an overhand right to your opponent’s head. It’s a devastating counter and one that leads to many knockouts if your opponent doesn’t see the right hand coming. Again, the right-hand over the jab is one of the most devastating punches in boxing because it exploits your opponents’ blind spot.

右鉤拳 ── 這種反擊可以有效地對付高個子的拳手或是那些在打刺拳時讓頭部抬起的拳手。你可預測刺拳往你身上打來的那條直線來輕易地擊敗它，把你的頭往那刺拳的內側帶並往對手頭上打一記過肩的右拳。如果你的對手沒注意到右拳打來，這將是一種足以造成擊倒的壓倒性反擊方式。同樣地，越過對方刺拳的右拳是在拳擊比賽中最具破壞性的打擊之一，因為它利用了你對手的「盲點」。

Parry to Straight-Right – This counter works best against boxers who throw a lazy jab or like to push a jab and leave it hanging out there. This counter-punch also works well when the other boxer tires and takes longer to recover his arms. All you have to do is tap down on the opponent’s hand, parrying it slightly down as you quickly come forward and throw a straight-right hand right over it. This counter requires you to be on your toes and have your body leaning slightly forward as you see the jab coming.

格擋右直拳 ── 這種反擊技巧對付那種刺拳打得很散漫或是出刺拳像是用推的，手伸出去也不收回來的拳手最有用。這種反擊拳也適用於當另一個拳擊手累到需要多一點時間來收回手臂。你需要做的事情就是拍掉對手的拳，當他的拳稍微下垂的時候迅速向前出一個右直拳。這個技巧需要看到對手出刺拳的時候就將重心放在你的腳趾頭，然後身體稍微向前傾。

Never Flinch – It is important that train to prevent the flinch reflex when the opponent’s jab is thrown. If you do that, it would be very easy for him to time your flinch movement, fake you out, and land a big punch later on.

絕不退縮 ── 要練習當對手出刺拳時避免反射性地退縮，這很重要。如果你這麼做，對手將很容易計算你退縮的時機，用假動作騙你之後再對你使出重擊。

WAYS TO SETUP THE JAB
刺拳的佈局方式

There are many theories to properly using the jab aside from the methods I’ve listed above.

除了我在上面提出的方法，還有許多理論能妥善地運用刺拳。

End with a Jab – Most fighters like to end their combos with a big right hand. The problem is that if you miss, your opponent could easily counter you. There’s an easy fix for this: end with a backstep jab. As you finish your combo, see if he’s going to lunge after you. If he does, pop him with a jab as you step back with your rear foot and leap away. The jab scores an extra point for you but also defends you from his counter right hand should he come after you.

以刺拳作結 ── 大多數的鬥士喜歡用右拳重擊的來結束他們的連擊。問題是如果你失手了，對手將可以輕易地予以反擊。修正這問題很簡單：用一個後退步的刺拳作結。在你結束連擊的同時，看看對手是不是正弓蹲著等著你。用你的後腳向後踏步遠離他並附帶著一個刺拳。這個刺拳不但有可能讓你帶來額外得點，也阻止了對手接在你連擊之後的右拳。

Jab Up and Down – That’s right. Jab to head, throw to body. Jab to the body and throw to the head.

上下連刺 ── 沒錯。刺拳打頭，刺拳打身體。刺拳打身體，然後刺拳再打頭。

Light-Hard – Throw a light jab to his gloves and throw a hard jab through it. Throw a light jab to the body and hard jab to the face. Or throw a hard jab to the face and follow it with a quick light jab to keep his defenses up while you throw a hard right hand to the body. You don’t always have to throw a light jab, you could just fake a jab instead.

輕重交替 ── 往他的拳套上打一個輕刺拳，再打一個重的刺拳穿過它。或是輕的刺拳往身體打，重的刺拳往臉上。又或者是先用重刺拳打臉部，然後用輕的刺拳讓他持續架高防禦，此時用右拳重重地打在身體上。你也不一定要總是用輕刺拳，你甚至可以用用假動作代替刺拳。

Jab-right fake-jab – Throw a jab, fake a right-hand, and jab again.

刺拳、假右拳、刺拳 ── 打一記刺拳，出右拳假動作，然後再刺拳。

Jab- step back-jab – Throw a jab, step back out of range as he misses his counter, and quickly come forward with another jab. Sometimes, you can be so fast that he doesn’t expect it. Other times you can time it. Follow up with hard shots if he’s vulnerable.

刺拳、後退步、刺拳 ── 打出一記刺拳，立刻退出範圍讓對方的反擊落空，然後再迅速上前打一記刺拳。有時候，你可以比對方想像得更快。其餘的時候你可以計算一下時機。如果對方的防禦因此變得很脆弱則可以立即追上多補一些重拳。

FINAL THOUGHTS
結語

The jab clearly is the best weapon in boxing. It can hurt your opponent, defend you from a right hand, create space for you, push your opponents away, and even tear flesh off your opponent’s face. Practice it and use it. A good method to train would be to put little pieces of tape on your punching bag and jab at it to improve accuracy. As always, I welcome other great jab tips in the comments section.

刺拳很明顯地是拳擊中最好的武器。他可以傷害你的對手、保護你不容易被右拳擊中、創造出自己的空間、將對手推離，而且甚至能夠毀掉你對手臉上的肉。請多多練習並使用它。在沙袋上貼上一小塊膠條來練習刺拳是不錯的準確度訓練方式。和往常一樣，我歡迎其他關於刺拳的好點子在評論中回應。

來源：ExpertBoxing（http://www.expertboxing.com/）
翻譯：神拳阿凱（http://tinyurl.com/pazscjc）